Basic Meteorology >> How to read Surface Maps

Astronomical Influences on Earth
	-- Sun / Moon // Tides / Global Currents

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Sun - Moon - Here

Solar System - Here

Oceanography (Tides & Currents) - Click

Our Sun & The Moon -- Celetial Bodies affecting our weather

Twilights	Definition
Civil	Civil Twilight Civil twilight is defined when the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon. This is the limit at which twilight illumination is sufficient, under good weather conditions, for terrestrial objects to be clearly distinguished; at the beginning of morning civil twilight, or end of evening civil twilight, the horizon is clearly defined and the brightest stars are visible under good atmospheric conditions in the absence of moonlight or other illumination. In the morning before the beginning of civil twilight and in the evening after the end of civil twilight, artificial illumination is normally required to carry on ordinary outdoor activities.
Nautical	Nautical Twilight Nautical twilight is defined when the sun is 12 degrees below the horizon. At the beginning or end of nautical twilight, under good atmospheric conditions and in the absence of other illumination, general outlines of ground objects may be distinguishable, but detailed outdoor operations are not possible, and the horizon is indistinct.
Astronomical	Astronomical Twilight Astronomical twilight is defined when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon. Before the beginning of astronomical twilight in the morning and after the end of astronomical twilight in the evening the sun does not contribute to sky illumination; for a considerable interval after the beginning of morning twilight and before the end of evening twilight, sky illumination is so faint that it is practically imperceptible.

Naval Observatory	Operational Uses
	--Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory
Data Services Complete Sun and Moon Data for One Day - click Rise/Set/Twilight Table for an Entire Year - click What the Moon Looks Like Today - click Dates of Primary Phases of the Moon - click Altitude & Azimuth of Sun or Moon - click Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, Aphelion - click Julian Date/Calendar Date Conversion - click Information Center World Time Zones - Click U.S. Time Zones - Click Phases of the Moon - Click Universal Time and GMT - Click Daylight Time - Click The Dark Days of Winter - Click
Solar System Source One -- Source Two Scientific Education Regarding these orbital bodies - The below are links I used for my Geology Class, with reference to celetial bodies throughout our Solar System. These are not my works, only convienent links to the below site: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/index.html Click on above link to access the links below. Introduction A Sense of Time and Scale in the Universe Precursors to Modern Astronomy Overview of the Sky and Planets Classification of the Planets The Celestial Sphere Aspects and Phases of the Planets The Old Astronomy The Apparent Motion of Planets on the Celestial Sphere The Universe of Aristotle and Ptolemy The Development of Modern Astronomy The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System The Observations of Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler: The Laws of Planetary Motion Galileo: The Telescope & the Laws of Dynamics The Physics of Aristotle versus the Physics of Galileo Sir Isaac Newton and the Unification of Physics & Astronomy Vectors: Velocities, Accelerations, and Forces Newton's Three Laws of Motion The Universal Law of Gravitation Newtonian Gravitation & the Laws of Kepler Gravitational Perturbations and the Prediction of New Planets Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity Timekeeping and the Celestial Sphere The Constellations Naming the Stars Star Maps Celestial Coordinate System Timekeeping Calendars The Seasons Precession of the Earth's Rotation Axis Lunar Orbit and Phases Solar Eclipses Lunar Eclipses Tides Overview of the Solar System Sizes and Scales Revolution and Rotation of Planets Conservation of Angular Momentum The Origin of the Solar System Solar Systems in the Making? Binary Star Systems Versus Planetary Systems The Earth The Interior of the Earth Geological Differentiation Plate Tectonics Evidence for Plate Tectonics Consequences of Plate Tectonics The Earth's Atmosphere Weather and Climate Consequences of Rotation for Weather The Earth's Magnetic Field Auroras: The Northern and Southern Lights Imaging the Earth The Earth's Moon Intrinsic and Orbital Properties Tides and Gravitational Locking Surface Properties Interior and Geological Activity Theories of Formation Source Two Windows to our Universe - Our Solar System

Oceanography

http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/

Tides - http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/tides01_intro.html

What are tides
What causes tides
Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges
Changing Angles and changing tides
Frequency of Tides (lunar day)
Tidal Variations - The Influence of Position and Distance
Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles – Diurnal, Semidiurnal, Mixed Semidiurnal; Continental Interference
What Affects Tides in Addition to the Sun and Moon?

Currents - http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/currents/welcome.html

Basic introduction to currents
Tidal Currents -1, 2
Coastal Currents - 1, 2, 3, 4
Surface Ocean Currents - 1, 2, 3, 4
The Global Conveyor Belt - 1, 2, 3
How Are Currents Measured? - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
How Currents Affect Our Lives?